Magnetohydrodynamic Maxwell Nanofluid Flow Over a Stretching Surface with Multiple Slip Conditions and Soret-Dufour Effects

Abstract

Magnetohydrodynamic Maxwell nanofluid flow over a stretching permeable surface is investigated under multiple slip conditions, heat generation, activation energy, thermal radiation, and Soret-Dufour crossdiffusion effects. The study considers a steady, two-dimensional, laminar, incompressible boundary-layer flow of an electrically conducting non-Newtonian nanofluid subject to a transverse magnetic field. Velocity, thermal, and concentration slips are imposed at the boundary, while Brownian motion and thermophoresis are included through the Buongiorno nanofluid framework. The governing nonlinear partial differential equations for momentum, energy, and concentration are transformed into coupled nonlinear ordinary differential equations by employing suitable similarity transformations. The resulting boundary value problem is then solved numerically using the shooting technique together with the Runge-Kutta-Fehlberg method implemented in Maple. The numerical procedure is validated through comparison of the Nusselt number with previously published limiting results, showing close agreement. The graphical results indicate that increasing the magnetic parameter, Maxwell parameter, porosity parameter, and velocity slip parameter reduces the velocity field because of Lorentz drag, viscoelastic resistance, porous-medium resistance, and weakened wall momentum transfer. The temperature distribution increases with larger magnetic, Dufour, Soret, and thermophoresis parameters, reflecting Joule heating, diffusion-thermo coupling, thermal-diffusion interaction, and nanoparticle migration effects. The concentration field also increases with the magnetic, Dufour, and Soret numbers, demonstrating the coupling between temperature and concentration gradients within the boundary layer. These findings provide useful numerical insight into coupled momentum, heat, and mass transport in Maxwell nanofluids with slip and cross-diffusion mechanisms, with relevance to thermal engineering, polymer processing, industrial cooling, chemical processing, microfluidic devices, and related transport systems.